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Miscellaneous / Verschiedenes » alt.tv.simpsons » Springfield Theory
| Springfield Theory [message #284145] |
Mo, 12 Juni 2006 18:10 |
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Springfield Theory
Mathematical references abound on The Simpsons
Erica Klarreich
In the 1995 Halloween episode of the award-winning animated sitcom The
Simpsons, two-dimensional Homer Simpson accidentally jumps into the third
dimension. During his journey in this strange world, geometric solids and
mathematical formulas float through the air, including an innocent-looking
equation: 178212 + 184112 = 192212. Most viewers surely ignored this bit of
mathematical gobbledygook.
On the fan discussion site alt.tv.simpsons, however, the equation caused a
bit of a stir. "What's going on, he seems to have disproved Fermat's last
theorem!" one fan marveled, referring to the famous claim by Pierre de
Fermat-proved just months earlier-that for any exponent n bigger than 2,
there are no nonzero whole numbers a, b, and c for which an + bn = cn. The
Simpsons equation, if correct, would be a counterexample to the theorem,
meaning that the proof had been wrong.
Plug the equation into any run-of-the-mill calculator and it seems to check
out. The 12th root of 178212 + 184112, according to a calculator, is 1,922.
Yet it's easy to see that the equation is false, because the left-hand side
is odd, while the right-hand side is an even number. There's no paradox
here: It's simply a matter of the calculator's round-off error.
To David X. Cohen, the Simpsons writer who concocted the equation, the fans'
responses were a source of glee. Cohen had written a computer program
specifically to look for what mathematicians call Fermat "near misses":
combinations of numbers a, b, c, and n that come so close to satisfying
Fermat's equation that they would seem to work when tested on a calculator.
Why go to such lengths for a background joke that would flash across the
screen in a matter of seconds? Mainly for the fun of it, but also to flex
intellectual muscles that don't typically get exercised in Hollywood script
rooms: Cohen has a master's degree in computer science.
As a mathematically inclined Simpsons writer, Cohen is in good company.
Although nobody would call The Simpsons a science show, the writing staff
boasts an impressive array of former mathematicians, scientists, and
computer scientists. Over the years, they have injected their brand of geeky
humor into the show. They've written hundreds of math jokes, ranging in
subtlety from Cohen's fake Fermat equation to open jabs at the mathematical
illiteracy of the general public. Math has occasionally even provided the
theme of an episode.
Digital details
The Simpsons writers have a perfectionistic streak when it comes to math on
the show, even when it's just for a throwaway joke. For instance, after
Cohen realized that his Fermat near miss could be refuted so easily by an
even-odd argument, he refined his computer program to produce a new one
without that flaw: 398712 + 436512 = 447212, which appeared on Homer
Simpson's basement blackboard in 1998.
In another episode, Kwik-E-Mart proprietor Apu brags that he can recite pi
to 40,000 decimal places. "The last digit is 1," he announces. To get that
detail right, the Simpsons writing team faxed a query to NASA, where
mathematician David Bailey obliged with the digit in question.
The writers never put in a math joke simply to tickle only their own funny
bones, according to Ken Keeler, a Simpsons writer with a Ph.D. degree in
applied math. "We always think there are a moderate number of viewers who
will get it," he said last October during a panel discussion about math on
The Simpsons at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley,
Calif. "Based on the newsgroups and fan sites, it seems as if somebody finds
everything we put in."
The Simpsons writers often play on mathematical cultural stereotypes,
extracting humor by exaggerating both the mathematical illiteracy of the
U.S. public and the nerdiness and self-aggrandizement of the mathematically
gifted. In a characteristic exchange, in the third-dimension episode, mad
scientist Professor Frink tries to explain to Police Chief Wiggum the nature
of the three-dimensional space through which Homer Simpson is wandering.
Frink: It should be obvious to even the most dimwitted individual who holds
an advanced degree in hyperbolic topology that Homer Simpson has stumbled
into the third dimension. . . . (drawing on a blackboard) Here is an
ordinary square.
Wiggum: Whoa, whoa-slow down, egghead!
Frink: But suppose we extend the square beyond the two dimensions of our
universe, along the hypothetical z-axis, there. This forms a
three-dimensional object known as a "cube," or "Frinkahedron" in honor of
its discoverer.
"One of the themes we've harped on is Professor Frink trying to seize credit
for something," Keeler says. "That should be very familiar to people in
academia."
Gender issues in mathematics take center stage in "Girls just want to have
sums," which aired on April 30. It lampoons the scandal that ensued in 2005
when Lawrence Summers, then president of Harvard University, suggested that
women are innately inferior at mathematics.
In that Simpsons episode, Springfield Elementary School Principal Skinner is
ousted after casually remarking that girls aren't much good at math.
Skinner's female replacement divides the boys and girls into separate
schools since, she says, girls can't learn math around "aggressive,
obnoxious" boys.
Brainy 8-year-old Lisa Simpson is delighted until she attends the girls'
math class. "How do numbers make you feel?" the teacher begins. "What does a
plus sign smell like? Is the number 7 odd or just different?" Aghast, Lisa
poses as a boy to attend the ghettolike boys' school, where real math is
being taught.
At the climax, the Simpsons writers leave the issue of women in mathematics
tantalizingly unresolved. As Lisa, aka Jake, accepts the award for best math
student, she says, "I guess the real reason we don't see many women in math
and science is. . ." only to be hurried off stage so that the award for best
flautist can be presented.
Simpsonian evolution
Most of the mathematically inclined Simpsons writers also wrote for
Futurama, an animated science fiction series that aired on network
television from 1999 to 2003. On that show, math jokes abounded.
In a typical scene, two robots meet and discover what to them is an amazing
coincidence: their serial numbers are, respectively, 3370318 and 2716057. As
the robots high-five delightedly, they explain to their bewildered human
companions that both numbers are expressible as the sum of two cubes.
The exchange is a not-so-veiled reference to a famous mathematical anecdote.
When mathematician G.H. Hardy visited mathematical prodigy Srinivasa
Ramanujan in a London hospital in 1917, he lamented to Ramanujan that his
taxi had a very boring number, 1729. On the contrary, Ramanujan immediately
replied, that number is very interesting: It's the smallest number
expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.
In contrast to The Simpsons, Futurama permitted the writers to let their
mathematical fancies run wild and to cram in math references for their
personal delectation, Keeler says. "That's why it's not on the air any
more," he jokes.
Yet even on The Simpsons, the writers constantly have their radars tuned for
opportunities to incorporate math humor. Jeff Westbrook, who has a Ph.D. in
computer science, said at the panel discussion that he's on the lookout for
a way to work in the Bridges-of-Königsberg problem. Mathematician Leonhard
Euler famously attacked this problem in 1736, using graph theory to show
that there is no route through the city of Königsberg, Germany, that
traverses each of its seven bridges just once.
In the meantime, Westbrook says, the Simpsons writers embedded some
mathematically interesting numbers in the season finale, which has since
aired on May 21. In that episode, a singing star tells her estranged
baseball-player husband that she will come back to him if he can correctly
guess the attendance of that day's ballgame: 8,191, 8,128, or 8,208.
At the panel discussion, Westbrook declined to elaborate on just how these
numbers are interesting. In the same spirit, we leave that question as a
challenge to readers. (Visit the Simpsons post at
http://blog.sciencenews.org/ to let us know what you figure out.) As Homer
Simpson would surely say, "D'oh!"
If you have a comment on this article that you would like considered
for publication in Science News, send it to editors [at] sciencenews.org. Please
include your name and location.
--
Spreading the gospel of Kennedy one post at a time.
MRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR....KENNEDY........KENNEDY!
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| Re: Springfield Theory [message #284146 ] |
Mo, 12 Juni 2006 18:41 |
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"The sum of the squares of an isoceles triangle is equal to the square
of the third side!"
"That's a RIGHT TRIANGLE, you idiot!"
'Homer, I find your theory of a donut shaped universe intriguing."
Aaron Space Museum
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| Re: Springfield Theory [message #284156 ] |
Mo, 12 Juni 2006 22:39 |
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"Ken Kennedy's(KENNEDY!) Number One Fan"
<KenKennedyKennedy [at] gmailgmail.com.com> wrote in message
news:128r4fhe72kn56e [at] news.supernews.com...
> The exchange is a not-so-veiled reference to a famous mathematical
> anecdote. When mathematician G.H. Hardy visited mathematical prodigy
> Srinivasa Ramanujan in a London hospital in 1917, he lamented to Ramanujan
> that his taxi had a very boring number, 1729. On the contrary, Ramanujan
> immediately replied, that number is very interesting: It's the smallest
> number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.
>
At which point Hardy said "God! Are you always 'on'?"
-- R Flowers
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